#Jet a1 density vs temperature table full#

Jet-A fuel density limits are established by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Specification D1655. Variation in world fuel density can cause the GV's maximum fuel capacity to change more than 5,000 lbs. However, in practise a lower final boiling point is often required to meet the freezing point specification (maximum 47° C.). A GV's maximum fuel volume is 6,118 USG, this does not change. The initial boiling point of the material is limited by the flash point specification of jet fuel, while the final boiling point is restricted by the Jet A-1 specification (maximum 300° C.). Fuel Density Impact on Fuel Capacityįuel density has the greatest impact on fuel capacity. Using these numbers, a G450's published capacity of 29,500 lbs (4,370 US Gallons) at 60☏ will drop to 28,900 lbs at 90☏. The variation between -20☌ and +50☌, for example, can be almost 1,400 lbs. It reduces the in-cylinder temperature and. The Gulfstream GV study revealed that each 10☏ increase in fuel temperature reduced the GV's fuel capacity by 200 lbs. Because it can be said that less Jet-A1 aviation fuel is injected owing to lower density into the combustion chamber. Spot checks have been found 'satisfactory.' Fuel Temperature Impact on Fuel Capacity The design specification of the FQMS is ☓00 lbs. FKM is also often used with mineral based oils and greases at high temperatures. Suitable formulated FKM can be used down to -35 ☌ /-31 ☏.

#Jet a1 density vs temperature table full#

Wing Volume Impact on Fuel CapacityĪircraft since GV sn 529 have been tested for full volume capacity and found 'satisfactory.' FQMS Accuracy Impact on Fuel Capacity temperatures of the Fluorocarbon Rubber range between -20 ☌ /-4 ☏ and +200 ☌ /+392 ☏ (for a short period of time up to +230 ☌ /+446 ☏). The GV's fuel capacity was designed with the aircraft attitude at 1-1/2° nose down, but the maximum variation due to ramp attitude was found to be only 22 gallons / 148 pounds. This is because Jet-A1 is relatively more viscous, has higher surface tension and is less volatile as compared to ethanol. To us, density was a puzzle.Īircraft Attitude Impact on Fuel Capacity It can be noted that atomization, evaporation and combustion of ethanol are relatively easier as compared to Jet-A1. We didn't understand fuel density as well as we should have. But sometimes we ended up with a lot of extra range or a lot less. Our Boeing 747's had a total fuel capacity of 300,000 lbs, which meant a lot of range. If you are planning on flying to the airplane's maximum range you need to understand fuel density, especially if operating out of Asia. As it turns out, 'The aircraft range is determined by fuel weight, not volume,' so if your gauges say you have less gas, chances are you do. We couldn't ever put on a full load of fuel in Japan but gallons are gallons, right? As it turns out, fuel density was the culprit and nobody knew that until Gulfstream did a study and released the results in the OctoBreakfast Minutes. We flew the GV for years knowing that we could do San Francisco to Tokyo non-stop even with a headwind, but the return trip was not always possible.